Law student, Kristi Burton, is trying to get the state of Colorado’s Constitution to recognize fertilized eggs as people. Similar efforts are being attempted in Georgia, Michigan, Mississippi and Oregon.

Not only is this yet another incremental attack on abortion rights, but it would have a major impact on other reproductive issues as well — including in-vitro fertilization and the use of birth control pills, IUDs and emergency contraception.

I do not know who they think they are fooling by calling a zygote a person. Here is a photo of a 1 day old fertilized egg.

Now imagine that there is a fire, and you can only save one thing. Would you save a petri dish that contains 10 fertilized eggs, or the person in the room? I think the answer is clear.

http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22208003/

By Concetta Erica Agro

“Eighty percent (80%) of the abstinence- only curricula…contain false, misleading or distorted information about reproductive health.”

“… Eleven of the thirteen curricula most commonly used by (federal) programs contain major errors and distortions of public health information.”

Those were some of the conclusions reached by a December 2004 Congressional report, conducted at the behest of the House of Representatives’ Henry Waxman (D-Calif.), which examined federally funded abstinence-only programs.

Congressman Waxman’s alarming findings brought to light the lack of oversight that federally funded abstinence-only programs receive.

The report highlights that, “the federal government does not review or approve the accuracy of the information presented in abstinence-only programs.” Applicants for these federally funded grants are simply required to submit a general outline or summary of the curriculum to be used.

The CostThe federal government has more than doubled its expenditures onthese programs in the last four years. Further, the requirement that states must match federal funds for abstinenceonly programs has caused many states to alter their spending practices. Dollars that were previously used to support comprehensive, medically accurate, sexuality education, which included but were not limited to abstinence education, have been rerouted to abstinence-only programs. This spending increase has multiplied the number of adolescents now receiving abstinence-only as their sole source of formalized education about contraception and sexual health. Abstinence-only education programs dictate not having sexual intercourse as the only way to reduce the risks of pregnancy, disease, and other possible consequences of sex. Federal requirements prohibit these programs from including any accurate information about contraception or about the prevention and detection of STIs (sexually transmitted infections). Contraceptives are only mentioned when trying to convince teens to avoid them. To achieve that end, these programs misrepresent the failure rate of contraceptives. The curricula never identify oral and anal sex as intercourse, nor do they address that these types of activity entail risk. Studies show these programs have no impact on actually preventing pregnancies or decreasing the risk of contracting an STI.

Egregious ErrorsThe most commonly used curricula cite the ineffectiveness of condoms to prevent transmission of HIV, STIs and pregnancy. The source of this misinformation is a scientifi c study that has been discredited by federal health offi cials and scientifi c consensus. Some of the curricula also contain blatant scientifi c errors. One curriculum labels sweat and tears as fl uids that transmit HIV, even though the scientifi c community dispelled this myth more than 10 years ago. They also present wrong or misleading information about the physical and psychological effects of legal abortion. They falsely state that sterility, premature birth leading to retardation, tubal and cervical pregnancies, and suicide are some of the possible effects of abortion.

The Silver Ring ThingSome curricula use religious teachings, which is in direct violation of federal funding rules. A component of many programs is abstinence or “virginity pledges.” Students vow, sometimes to God, not to have “sex.”

On May 16, 2005, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) took exception to such a curriculum by taking legal action against the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The ACLU charged that the HHS has illegally used tax dollars to fund an abstinence-only program, the Silver Ring Thing (SRT), that promotes Christianity. As part of the Bush administration’s expansion of abstinenceonly education, SRT has received more than one million dollars since 2003. The program consists of a three-hour presentation followed by secular and religious group meetings. The ACLU charges that students are encouraged to choose the religious groups and to sign up for Bible-based programs.

Guidelines for HHS abstinence-only funding clearly state that recipients affi liated with religious groups may receive funds; however, they are prohibited from using that money for religious purposes.

A major crisis is occurring because abstinence-only programs fail to define “sex” or advocate the use of condoms. These failings have caused a rapid rise in unprotected highrisk sexual behavior among virginity-pledgers. Pledgers who identifi ed themselves as virgins were six times more likely to have had oral sex; male pledgers were four times more likely to have had anal sex as their non-pledging counterparts. Pledgers have STI rates as high as non-pledgers. However, they are less likely to detect or seek medical treatment for their infections, increasing the danger of transmission.

Lubbock, TexasA community that highlights the severity of this problem is Lubbock County in Texas. In 1995, then-governor George W. Bush signed a law requiring Texas public schools to teach abstinence sex education. Texas became the third state with mandated abstinence sex education.

Prior to 1995, Lubbock had a high rate of teen pregnancies. In 1995 the community launched an abstinence-only offensive, complete with virginity pledges. Now, Lubbock County’s teen pregnancy rate is the highest in Texas by almost 10%. It also has the highest rate of STIs. As reported by UNESCO, Texas Teaches Abstinence, With Mixed Grades, “as rates for gonorrhea and chlamydia have fallen nationally, Lubbock County has confronted an epidemic.”

Much to their credit, it is the teenagers who are shining a light on the failures of their parents, educators and community leaders. A movie released this year titled The Education of Shelby Knox focuses on the true life story of a devout Christian teenager, Shelby Knox, who pledged abstinence until marriage but then became a strong and vocal advocate for comprehensive sex education. She is not alone in Lubbock. Other teens have given voice to the need to bring comprehensive sex education to the classroom through their work on the Lubbock Youth Commission.

Lubbock County is but one example of these federally funded programs being used as a vehicle for this administration to promote its extreme ideology. The actual cost of these programs will be measured over time by the fi nancial burden forced on society by the ramifi cations of abstinenceonly education.

Tabloid headlines read: “Women succumb at alarming rate to post-abortion stress syndrome,” “Dramatic increase in incidents of breast cancer,” “suicide among women who have abortions.” There is not one shred of scientific evidence to back up any of these claims. The articles are authored by well-recognized anti-choice leaders intent upon instilling fear through lies.

Post-abortion stress syndrome (PAS) is not an official syndrome or diagnosis recognized by the American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association, or any other mainstream authority. Even such noted anti-choice advocates as President Reagan’s Surgeon General C. Everett Koop determined that there was insufficient evidence of trauma related to abortion. Psychological problems were “minuscule from a public health perspective.” The American Psychological Association has concluded that terminating an unwanted pregnancy poses no hazard to women’s mental health and that the predominant sensation following the termination of an unwanted pregnancy is relief. The only groups subscribing to the existence of PAS are the dozens of anti-choice organizations that have sprung up to produce literature about this fictitious ailment. They also manipulate statistics to fabricate relationships between breast cancer or suicide and abortion but cannot provide documentation.

This PAS approach is a direct assault on the choice movement. Since legal abortion is a safe surgical procedure David C. Reardon, director of the anti-choice Elliot Institute, and his allies have invented mental pain as a repercussion of abortion. Reardon trumpets a forceful anti-choice message: “Abortion hurts women.” He explains, “By demanding legal protection for women forced into unwanted abortions and greater rights for women to sue for post-abortion trauma, we force our opponents to side with us or to be exposed as defending the abortion industry at the expense of women.”

Organizations such as SafeHaven, Healing Hearts Ministries and Victims of Choice prey upon the emotions of women at a vulnerable time. Many of these organizations are actually crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs)*. They offer no medical assistance whatsoever. While claiming to offer compassionate care, these organizations impose a three-step process on their victims to alleviate the “psychological damage” from abortions. To be forgiven for the abortion, women must open their hearts to Jesus Christ, speak out against abortion and, whenever possible, lobby for anti-choice legislation. Final absolution is the promised outcome if the woman sues the abortion provider for malpractice. With frightened women doing their dirty work, these organizations believe they can put abortion providers out of business by making it too risky and too costly to continue functioning. Crisis Pregnancy Centers work to scare women out of terminating pregnancies.

*Why Crisis Pregnancy Centers are Legal but Unethical

George Santayana tells us, “Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Since many anti-choice zealots (and indeed, unfortunately, all too many pro-choice individuals as well) labor under the mistaken impression that the controversy surrounding abortion is a unique byproduct of the technological age, a brief review of the history of abortion in antiquity may prove enlightening.

To be sure, the earliest expression of women’s control over reproduction was not so much abortion as infanticide. Recent excavations at the site of the ancient Middle-Eastern city of Ashkelon, for example, revealed dozens of newborn infant skeletons found in a sewer behind a brothel. That this find is mute testimony to ancient women’s having made difficult and painful choices is clear. That these choices were the product of a terrible economic and societal necessity can also readily be inferred.

In ancient Greece, infanticide committed by exposing unwanted newborns to the elements was a common method of birth control, though history teaches that the choice here was seldom that of the woman. By way of example, in a papyrus fragment recovered from a trash heap in post-Alexandrian Egypt, a well-to-do Greek merchant wrote to his wife while he was away on business, “If the child you are carrying turns out to be a son, call him Hephaestion; if it is a girl, expose it.” Early Greek commentators on the society of the ancient city-state of Sparta also report that all newborn infants were required to spend their first night out of doors. Undoubtedly, this must have resulted in the deaths of countless children, while the intent of the practice was obviously to restrict access to the limited resources of the community to those physically capable of survival in what was then an incredibly harsh world.

While we may well consider these ancient customs barbarous from our modern perspective, they were evidence of the exercise of deliberate reproductive choice. One of the unintended consequences of civilization was a drop in infant mortality rates that could (and in antiquity, often did) result in disastrous overpopulation and resultant mass starvation. This primitive but societally sanctioned custom of infanticide was thus nothing less than the exercise of a perceived right (and indeed, necessity) of conscious reproductive planning.

Ancient Rome carried on this practice of infanticide, though the “choice” here was exercised almost exclusively by men. Under the rigorously patriarchal society of the Roman Republic, the paterfamilias had the unfettered power of life and death over all members of his household. During this period, in addition to infanticide, a crude form of “abortion on demand” was utilized whereby men frequently threw pregnant slave women or concubines down flights of stairs in order to induce abortions.

Paradoxically, the world of ancient Greece, which accepted infanticide without much apparent reservation, provided a philosophical foundation and framework for defining the inception of human life. The philosopher Aristotle developed a rough “trimester” system of analyzing the development of the human fetus: he saw the first third of the human gestation period as one in which the fetus was essentially a parasitic organism that fed off the woman’s body. In the middle third of development, the fetus was likened to an animal: alive and sentient, but without intellect or soul. Only in the final third stage of development did Aristotle see the fetus as being imbued with what the Greeks called the psyche, best translated as “spirit.” This Aristotelian trimester system lives on to this very day, forming the core of the Supreme Court’s analysis in Roe v Wade.

If we fast-forward to 1968, we can read in Pope Paul’s encyclical Humanae Vitae an implicit and sudden rejection of the Aristotelian model, which had existed and had been accepted virtually unchanged for over two millennia. While this encyclical was aimed at clarifying the Church’s position on the (relatively) recent innovation of artificial contraception, it explicitly referred also to abortion. Since the Pope found doctrinally unacceptable the notion of human choice and action interfering with the biological mechanism of conception, his logic mandated a similar condemnation of abortion. Having started with the premise that contraception (other than through the so-called “rhythm method,” later cynically appropriately dubbed “Vatican Roulette”) violated natural and hence ecclesiastical law, then a fortiori all forms of abortion, regardless of the circumstances, also violated church precepts.

Unfortunately, Humanae Vitae resulted in the unceremonious sweeping away of centuries of accepted philosophical thought. If human life is not seen to begin until some latter part of fetal development, as in the Aristotelian model, then a woman’s decision to use contraception or to choose an abortion prior to the third trimester cannot be linked to the destruction of life. But the Pope’s goal in the encyclical was to deter women from exercising conscious control over their reproductive systems: if Western philosophy needed to be rewritten to achieve that end, then so be it.

So what can women of today learn from this historical lesson? First, that conscious and deliberate choice over reproduction has been a part of human history as far back as archaeologists can delve; next, that the philosophical underpinnings of modern reproductive rights are far older than the repressive and retrograde religious dogma of the late twentieth century; and finally that only the methods of choice, and not the goals, aspirations or desires of civilized women, are the true recent innovations.

By Rep. Nita M. Lowey

As the summer comes to an end, Congress continues to misread the concerns of American families. Instead of focusing on ways to bring parents, teachers, and neighbors together to improve the lives of our children, the anti-choice House of Representatives has chosen to advance divisive bills like the so-called Child Custody Protection Act. That bill, first considered by Congress in 1998, would prohibit anyone including a step-parent, grandparent, or religious counselor from accompanying a young woman across state lines for an abortion.

This is a dangerous, misguided bill that isolates our daughters and puts them at grave risk ­ that is why the President has promised to veto it. Under this legislation, young women who feel they cannot turn to their parents when facing an unintended pregnancy will be forced to fend for themselves without help from any responsible adult. Some will seek dangerous back-alley abortions close to home. Others will travel to unfamiliar places seeking abortions by themselves.

Thankfully, most young women more than 75 percent of minors under age 16 already involve their parents in the decision to seek an abortion. That’s the good news. And as a mother and a grandmother, I hope as we all hope that every child can go to her parents for advice and support.

But not every child is so lucky. Not every child has loving parents. Some have parents who are abusive or simply absent. And some have parents who are deeply uncomfortable discussing issues of responsible sexuality with their children. I believe that those young women who cannot go to their parents should be encouraged to involve another responsible adult a grandmother, an aunt, a rabbi or minister in what is always a difficult decision.

Already, more than half of all young women who do not involve a parent in the decision to terminate a pregnancy choose to involve another adult, including 15 percent who involve another adult relative. That’s a good thing. We should encourage the involvement of responsible adults in this decision be it a stepparent, aunt or uncle, religious minister or counselor not criminalize that involvement.

I am now the proud grandmother of five, and I believe grandparents should be able to help their grandchildren without getting thrown in jail. As much as we might wish otherwise, it is unrealistic to expect that family communication and open and honest parentchild relationships can be legislated. When a young woman cannot turn to her parents, she should certainly be able to turn to her grandmother or a favorite aunt for help.

I believe that the Child Custody Protection Act and other misguided bills send the worst possible message to our young people ­ They say: “Don’t tell anyone. No one can help you. You are on your own.” As a result, young women will be forced to travel out-of-state by themselves, or remain in-state and obtain an illegal abortion.

Parental consent laws don’t protect our daughters but they can kill them. They don’t bring families together but they can tear them apart. My focus has been to do more to bring families together, and to keep our young people safe. I firmly believe that we should make abortion less necessary for teenagers, not more dangerous and difficult. We need to teach teenagers to be responsible if they’re sexually active, and encourage abstinence. And we need a realistic and comprehensive approach to keeping teenagers safe and healthy. These are goals all of us parents and grandparents, neighbors and friends can work toward together.